Synchronized hammer and anvil with equilibrated momenta



' NOV. 12, 1935.

c. w. CHAMBERLAIN. 2,020,933

SYNCHRONIZED HAMMER AND ANVIL WITH EQUILIBRATED MOMENTA Original FiledJune 13, 1929 I N VEN TOR.

Clark ZUTChamZerZaz'zz BY 30%, M v 9 ATTORNEY5,

Patented Nov. 12, 1935 PATENT OFFICE SYNCHRONIZED HAMMER ANVIL WITHEQUILIBRATED MOMENTA Clark W. Chamberlain, East Lansing, Mich.

Application June 13, 1929, Serial No. 370,720 Renewed September 8, 19334 Claims.

The present invention relates to the synchronization and theequilibration of the momentum of the moving parts of machines for thepurpose of reducing vibration. and conserving energy.

One object of my invention is to balance momentum in any direction in amachine with an equal momentum in the opposite direction, therebyreducing to zero the total momentum of the machine, taken as a whole.

Another object of my invention is to synchronize and equilibrate themomenta of the hammer and anvil of impact machines and thus eliminatethe seismic waves delivered by the machines to their foundations and tothe earth, conserving the energy supplied to the machines.

Another object of my invention is to equilibrate the momentum of onehammer with the momentum of a second hammer operated in synchronism withthe first hammer, thereby reducing the noise of operation and conservingenergy.

Another object of my invention is to reduce the weight of the anvil andfoundation of impact machines.

Another object of my invention is the reduction of sound and seismicshock in the neighborhood of impact machines.

A sixth object of my invention is to conserve for useful work energywhich hitherto has been delivered to the foundations of impact machines,resulting in economic loss of energy and in the destruction of machinefoundations and buildings in the neighborhood of such machines.

More specifically my invention relates to the design and operation ofmachines in such a manner that their momenta, taken as a whole, are atall times equal to zero.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends said invention,then, consists of the means hereinafter fully described and particularlypointed out in the claims: the annexed drawing and the followingdescription setting forth in detail certain means and two modes ofcarrying out the invention, such disclosed means and modes illustrating,however, but two of various ways in which the principle of the inventionmay be used.

The annexed drawing, in a diagrammatic form, illustrates the principlesinvolved in this invention as applied to a power hammer.

A double acting piston I, moving in the cylinder 2 drives the hammer 3by means of the piston rod 4. The dies and material to be forged areplaced between the hammer .3 and the flying anvil 5. The flying anvil 5is guided by the frame 6, is driven by the piston 1 operating in thecylinder 8, and is supported by the pistons 9, 9 operating in thecylinders I0, Ill. The pistons 9, 9 and cylinders I0, I0 may be replacedby springs. The cylinders II], II] are supplied with fluid from areceiver kept under a constant pressure 5 suificient to support thecombined mass of the anvil 5, the piston I, the piston rod 4, the hammer3, the dies, and the material to be forged.

The areas of the hammer piston I and the anvil piston 1 are equal. Thesteam pressure ap- 10 plied to the upper surface of the hammer piston Iis at all times equal to the steam pressure applied to the lower surfaceof the anvil piston I. The force of the steam driving the downwardmoving masses is therefore at all times equal to 15 the force of thesteam driving the upward moving masses. As the time ofapplication ofsteam to hammer piston I equals the time of application of steam toanvil piston 1 the velocities imparted by the steam to the downward andupward mov- 20 ing masses are inversely proportional to these masses.

The total momentum of the piston I, the piston rod 4, and the hammer 3is therefore equal and opposite to the momentum of the anvil 4 and 25its attached masses, whatever ratio the mass of the hammer and itsattached masses may bear to the mass of the anvil and its attachedmasses. The momentum imparted .by gravity to the downward moving massesis compensated by the 80 pressure applied to the pistons 8,- 8, inexcess of the pressure required to support the anvil and its attachedmasses.

The momenta of downward and upward moving masses are opposite in signand their sum is at all times equal to zero. Impact of hammer and flyinganvil produces no unbalanced momentum to be transmitted as a seismicshock to the foundations of the machine and to the earth.

The ratio of downward and upward moving 40 masses is determined by theamount of travel permitted the flying anvil without disturbing thematerial to be forced or the convenience of the operator.

The hammer 3 carries a yoke I3 to which are 45 attached one or morepistons I4, moving in cylinders I5, transmitting pressure, by means ofconfined liquid, to the piston I6, thus securing movement in oppositedirections of the hammer and anvil. The ratio of piston area I4 topiston area 60 I 6 equals the ratio of velocity of hammer and attachedmasses to the velocity of anvil-and attached masses. The lifting of thehammer to any point in its travel'lowers the anvil to the proper pointto secure impact at a fixed point 5 anvil with balanced momenta may beapplied 'to the forging of large masses too heavy to carry on a flyinganvil, by supporting the mass to be forged on a stationary support or bysuspension and operating hammer and anvil in horizontal positions. Inthis case hammer and anvil would be equal in mass and identical inconstruction. The principle of this invention when applied to portableriveting hammers, requires two similar hammers, operated in synchronismand in opposite directions, with the driving pressure at all timesequal.

Other modes of applying the principles of my invention may be employedinstead of the ones explained, change being made as regards the meansand the steps herein disclosed, provided those stated by any of thefollowing claims or their equivalent be employed.

I therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as my invention:

1. In a forging machine, the combination of a base block provided with avertically extending aperture, an anvil member positioned within saidaperture and movable with respect to said base, 7

a plurality of cylindrical recesses in said block at the bottomof saidaperture, a plurality of pistons on the bottom of said anvil andrespectively closely fitting into said cylindrical recesses, asupporting framework secured to the upper surface of said base block, acylinder supported in "a said framework, a piston in said cylinder, apiston rod secured to said piston and extending toward said base block,a hammer secured to said piston rod, aplurality of auxiliary pistonssecured to said hammer and arranged parallel to said piston irod, aplurality of pistons secured to the upper surface of said anvil, aplurality of cylinder means respectively at their opposite endstelescopically engaging one of said pistons on said hammer and one ofsaid pistons on said anvil, and a fluid in said cylinder meanscompletely fitting the same. 5

2. In a hammer, the combination of a hammer unit, an anvil unit, pistonand cylinder means for raising; and lowering the hammer unit, separatepiston and cylinder means adapted to move the anvil unit synchronouslywith and in opposite 10 directions to thehammer unit so they mayapproach with equilibrated momenta, and means to transmit therectilinear movement of one of said units to positively move'the other,unit in opposite. direction, said last-named means comprising oppositelydisposed pistons respectively 7 connected to said hammer and anvil unitsand a continuous liquid column between said pistons.

4. In a power hammer for die forging, the combination of an anvil unit,a hammer unit, means for raising and loweringthe anvil unit, separatemeans for raising and lowering said hammer unit,

and other means effective when said units recede 5 to transmit therectilinear movement of one of said units to positively move the otherunit in opposite direction. 7 4

CLARK W. CHAMBERLAIN. 40 I

